![]() ![]() Near the centre of this interaction is a hpz . These zones are the primary means by which loads are transmitted to the structure, and understanding their properties and evolution over time are a key aspect in designing safe structures in icy environments.įig. 1a shows a part of an interaction between a structure and a mass of ice. The portions of the contact area that undergo higher-than-normal pressures are known as high pressure zones ( hpzs) . ![]() When a ship or structure comes into contact with ice, such as icebreakers ramming through ice or pack ice colliding with a wharf or offshore platform, the applied loads and pressures are generally not evenly distributed. ![]()
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